Introduction
The following particles are called Kaana and its sisters – كَانَ وَ أَخَوَاتُهَا:
- كَانَ – to was
- صَارَ – to become
- أَصْبَحَ – to become, to enter/do in the morning
- مَا زَالَ – increasingly, continuously
- أَضْحَى – to enter the dawn
- لَيْسَ – not
- بَاتَ – to become, to pass the night
- أَمْسَ – to become, to enter, to do in the evening
- مَا دَامَ – forever, continuously
- ظَلَّ – remain, to be, continue
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The rule of Kaana and its sisters
These verbs give dammah -ُ to its noun and fatha -َ to its predicate.
Examples of Kaana and its sisters used in the Holy Quran
مَا كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَهُودِيًّا وَلَا نَصْرَانِيًّا
Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian (3:67)
وَأَصْبَحَ فُؤَادُ أُمِّ مُوسَىٰ فَارِغًا
And the heart of Moses’ mother became empty [of all else]. (28:10)
وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُم بِالْأُنثَىٰ ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ
And when one of them is informed of [the birth of] a female, his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief. (16:58)
أَلَيْسَ اللَّـهُ بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ
Is not Allah the most just of judges? (95:8)
You have now completed this Arabic lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about the accusative case in Arabic.
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