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Particles of conjunction - أَدَوَاتُ التَّصْرِيف

Introduction

Conjunctions are grammatical elements used to link words within sentences.

1. Types of particles of conjunction

Here is a refined list of conjunctions:

 

1. وَ – “and.” This is known as وَاو عَطَف, used to link one sentence to another or a name to another name.

2. وَ – “when.” This is called وَاو الحَال and is placed between two sentences, with the second being a nominal sentence.

3. فَ – “then.” It implies a close connection between the sentences before and after it.

4. أَوْ – “or.” It is employed to express doubt or provide a choice among a few mentioned options.

5. أَمْ – “whether.” Used to determine one choice among several when the first object is preceded by the hamza أ.

6. إِذْ – “when,” “since,” “after,” or “because.” It is used with both nominal and verbal sentences and refers to something in the past.

7. إِذَا – “when” or “if.” It typically indicates a time related to the present or future.

8. ثُمَّ – “after that,” “then,” or “thereupon.” It often introduces sentences without a preceding و or ف.

9. حَتَّى – “until” or “even up to,” indicating the termination of an action or object.

10. لَكِنْ / لَكِنَّ – “but.” لَكِنْ is followed by a verb, while لَكِنَّ is followed by a noun in the accusative case (e.g., لَكِنَّهُمْ).

11. إِمَّا – “either…or.” When used twice in a sentence, it conveys the meaning of “either…or…”

12. أَمَّا – “as for.” It is followed by a nominative, and the predicate is always introduced with a ف.

Examples of Conjunction Particles in the Holy Quran

 

 فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ

 

 

there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during Hajj. (2:197)

 

 

وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً

 

 

And give the women [upon marriage] their [bridal] gifts graciously. (4:4)

 

 

فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ

 

 

Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance. (2:37)

 

 

وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ الْهَدْيُ مَحِلَّهُ

 

 

And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter.  (2:196)

 

 

 

فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِ أَذًى مِّن رَّأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ

 

 

And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice. (2:196)

 

 

أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلِكُم

 

 

Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you?  (2:214)

 

 

وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً

 

 

And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels (2:30)

 

 

إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا

 

 

When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake (99:1)

 

 

وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَإِذَا كُنَّا تُرَابًا وَآبَاؤُنَا أَئِنَّا لَمُخْرَجُونَ

 

 

And those who disbelieve say, “When we have become dust as well as our forefathers, will we indeed be brought out [of the graves]? (27:67)

 

 

 ثُمَّ كَلَّا سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ 

 

 

Then no! You are going to know. (102:4)

 

 

فَلَمْ تَقْتُلُوهُمْ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّـهَ قَتَلَهُمْ ۚ وَمَا رَمَيْتَ إِذْ رَمَيْتَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ اللَّـهَ رَمَىٰ

 

 

And you did not kill them, but it was Allah who killed them. And you threw not, [O Muhammad], when you threw (8:17)

 

 

فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً 

 

 

and either [confer] favor afterwards or ransom [them]  (47:4)

 

 

أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ

 

 

As for the ship, it belonged to poor (18:79)

You have now completed this Arabic lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about interjection in Arabic.

 

Al-dirassa centre offers you the possibility to study the Arabic language efficiently with a qualified teacher. If you are interested, do not hesitate to consult us.

Conclusion

This lesson on Arabic nuances concludes here. Insha’Allah, our subsequent session will delve into the past passive verb in Arabic.

 

Al-dirassa Institute invites you on a linguistic journey with our expert teachers to master the Arabic language. Should you wish to further your studies, we welcome your inquiries.

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