Prepositions | الْحُرُوفُ الجَرِّ

The pronouns which affect the prepositions

All the above-mentioned prepositions have their effect on the last letter of the nouns. However, only four of the above prepositions:

عَلَى, إِلَى, بِ, فِيْ

act on the pronouns :

هُ, هُمَا, هُمْ, هُنَّ

They give kasrah to the first letter of the pronoun.

There is no action of these prepositions on any other pronouns.

Examples:

عَلى + هُ = عَلَيْهِ

عَلَى + هُمَا = عَلَيْهِمَا

عَلَى + هُمْ = عَلَيْهِمْ

عَلى + هُنَّ = عَلَيْهِنَ

The following table displays the effet of عَلَى, إِلَى , بِ , فِيْ on the pronouns هُ, هُمَا, هُمْ, هُنَّ.

Prepositions in Arabic

عَلى

هُ

Him

عَلَيْهِ

On him

هُمَا

Them both

عَلَيْهِما

On them both

هُمْ

Them all (M)

عَلَيْهِمْ

On them all (M)

هُنَّ

Them all (F)

عَلَيْهِنَّ

On them all (F)

إِلى

هُ

Him

إِلَيْهِ

Towards him

هُمَا

Them both

إِلَيْهِمَا

Towards them both

هُمْ

Them all (M)

إِلَيْهِمْ

Towards them all (M)

هُنَّ

Them all (F)

إِلَيْهِنَّ

Towards them all (F)

بِ

هُ

Him

بِهِ

With him

هُمَا

Them both

بِهِمَا

With them both

هُمْ

Them all (M)

بِهِمْ

With them all (M)

هُنَّ

Them all (F)

بِهِنَّ

With them all (F)

فِيْ

هُ

Him

فِيْهِ

In him

هُمَا

Them both

فِيْهِما

In them both

هُمْ

Them all (M)

فِيْهِمْ

In them all (M)

هُنَّ

Them all (F)

فِيْهِنَّ

In them all -(F)

Examples of the prepositions from the Noble Quran:

فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ الْحَجَّ

so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself  (2:197)

فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ

there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve. (2:38)

يُضِلُّ بِهِ كَثِيرًا وَيَهْدِي بِهِ كَثِيرًا ۚ وَمَا يُضِلُّ بِهِ إِلَّا الْفَاسِقِينَ 

He misleads many thereby and guides many thereby. And He misleads not except the defiantly disobedient, (2:26)

As we have mentioned earlier, there is no action of these prepositions on other pronouns. Examples for these are stated below.

عَلى + كَ  = عَلَيْكَ

No action of على on كَ

مَنْ + هُ = مِنْهُ

No action of مِنْ on هُ

Examples:

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ

Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, (4:23)

وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا السُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمْ عَن سَبِيلِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُم بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ

and do not follow [other] ways, for you will be separated from His way. This has He instructed you that you may become righteous. (6:153)

وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ

And We removed from you your burden (94:2)

Exception:

At one place (48:10) in the Holy Qur’an, there is no action of على on هُ, and it is read:

عَلَيْهُ

Allah says,

وَمَنْ أَوْفَىٰ بِمَا عَاهَدَ عَلَيْهُ اللَّـهَ فَسَيُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah – He will give him a great reward. (48:10)

In the lesson “pronouns,” we observe that the proposition :

لِ

comes attached to pronouns as a prefix and takes the form of :

لَ

except in the first person pronoun :

ىَ

Masculine 3rd person

لَهُ

For Him

لَهُمَا

For them both

لَهُمْ

For them all

Masculine 2nd person

لَكَ

 For you

لَكُمَا

 For you both

لَكُمْ

For you all

Masculine 1st person

لِيْ

For me

لَنَا

For us all

Examples:

لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ

To Him belongs dominion, and to Him belongs [all] praise, (64:1)

أَخْرَجْنَا لَهُمْ دَابَّةً مِّنَ الْأَرْضِ

We will bring forth for them a creature from the earth speaking to them (27:82)

أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ

Did We not expand for you, [O Muhammad], your breast? (94:1)

Feminine 3rd person

لَهَا

For her

لَهُمَا

For them both

لَهُنَّ

For them all

Feminine 2nd person

لَكِ

For you

لَكُمَا

For you both

لَكُنَّ

For you all

Feminine 1st person

لِيْ

For me

لَنَا

For us all

Examples of the prepositions from the Noble Quran:

لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ 

It will have [the consequence of] what [good] it has gained, and it will bear [the consequence of] what [evil] it has earned. (2:286)

لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ

For you is your religion, and for me, is my religion.” (109:6)