Simple nominal sentence | الجُمْلَةُ الاسْمِيَّة

The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ

It is always a common noun (النَكِرَةُ), The predicate is:

• It is in nominative case – مَرْفُعٌ

• The predicate generally agrees with the subject in number (singular, dual, or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).

• When the predicate is a broken plural of non-human object – غَيْر عاقِل the predicate will be feminine singular.

For example:

فَتِلْكَ بُيُوتُهُمْ خَاوِيَةً بِمَا ظَلَمُوا

So those are their houses, desolate because of the wrong they had done. (27:52)

• The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ can be a proper noun when it is not an adjective.

For example:

أَنتَ مَوْلَانَا 

You are our protector (2:286)

أَنتَ is the subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ and مَوْلَانَا is the predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ

قَالَ أَنَا يُوسُفُ وَهَـٰذَا أَخِي

I am Joseph, and this is my brother (12:90)

• In a nominal sentence with a predicate as a proper noun, a detached pronoun (following the subject in gender and number) is placed between the subject and the predicate.

Examples:

وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

and it is those who are successful. (2:5)

• The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ can be a word, phrase, or a sentence. It can be a genitive phrase.

 الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds – (1:2)

وَإِلَـٰهُكُمْ إِلَـٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ

And your god is one God. (2:163)

• If the predicate is a sentence, then a pronoun is used, which points towards the subject.

For example:

الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ 

They who are during their prayer humbly submissive (23:2)