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Simple nominal sentence - Arabic free courses
Sunday, 13 December 2020 / Published in Arabic language free courses

Simple nominal sentence | الجُمْلَةُ الاسْمِيَّة

Introduction

A nominal sentence generally comprises two components. The subject of the sentence is called:

اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ

and the predicate is called :

اَلْخَبَرُ

For example:

مُحَمَّدٌ  رَشُولٌ
Muhammad is a messenger.
 

مُحَمَّدٌ is the subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ and رَسُوْلٌ is the predicate اَلْخَبَرُ

وَاللَّـهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ 
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_01.mp3
And Allah is Hearing and Knowing. (2:224)
 

Here اللَّـهُ is the subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ and سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ is the predicate اَلْخَبَرُ.

 

 
 


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The subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ

The subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ is:

  • a proper noun – المَعْرِفَةُ

If it is not a proper noun, then the article ال will be prefixed.

For example:

اَلْقُرْآنُ كِتَابٌ
 
The Qur’an is a book.
 

In the nominative case

It will be in agreement with the predicate in terms of number and gender.

For example:

وَأَنتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_02.mp3
while you were wrongdoers. (2:92)
 
  • The subject can be a word or a phrase, but it cannot be a verb or a genitive phrase.

For example:

 إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ اللَّـهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_03.mp3
Indeed, the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. (49:13)
 

The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ

It is always a common noun (النَكِرَةُ), The predicate is:

  • It is in nominative case – مَرْفُعٌ
  • The predicate generally agrees with the subject in number (singular, dual, or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).
  • When the predicate is a broken plural of non-human object – غَيْر عاقِل the predicate will be feminine singular.

For example:

فَتِلْكَ بُيُوتُهُمْ خَاوِيَةً بِمَا ظَلَمُوا
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_04.mp3
So those are their houses, desolate because of the wrong they had done. (27:52)
 
  • The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ can be a proper noun when it is not an adjective. For example:
أَنتَ مَوْلَانَا 
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_05.mp3
You are our protector (2:286)
 

أَنتَ is the subject – اَلْمُبْتَدَأُ and مَوْلَانَا is the predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ

قَالَ أَنَا يُوسُفُ وَهَـٰذَا أَخِي
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_06.mp3
I am Joseph, and this is my brother (12:90)
 
  • In a nominal sentence with a predicate as a proper noun, a detached pronoun (following the subject in gender and number) is placed between the subject and the predicate.

Examples:

وَأُولَـٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_07.mp3
and it is those who are successful. (2:5)
 
  • The predicate – اَلْخَبَرُ can be a word, phrase, or a sentence. It can be a genitive phrase.
 الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_08.mp3
[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds – (1:2)
وَإِلَـٰهُكُمْ إِلَـٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_09.mp3
And your god is one God. (2:163)
 
  • If the predicate is a sentence, then a pronoun is used, which points towards the subject.

For example:

الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ 
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_13_10.mp3
They who are during their prayer humbly submissive (23:2)
 

This Arabic lesson is now finished. The next one will be insha’Allah about the verb in the past tense in Arabic.

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Tagged under: Simple nominal sentence

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1 Comment to “ Simple nominal sentence | الجُمْلَةُ الاسْمِيَّة”

  1. Descriptive phrase | Arabic free courses | lesson 12 - Al-dirassa says :Reply
    December 13, 2020 at 2:00 pm

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