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The noun in Arabic
Saturday, 05 December 2020 / Published in Arabic language free courses

The noun in Arabic | الاِسْمُ

Introduction

 

The nouns اَلْإِسْمُ are divided into two kinds:

 

Indefinite النَّكِرَةُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_01.mp3
Definite المَعْرِفَةُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_02.mp3

 

Indefinite nouns – أَسْمَاءُ النَّكِرَةُ

They are names given in general to a living or non-living thing (common nouns). Thus, indefinite nouns end with nunnation (Tanween – تَنْوِين)

Examples:

رَجُلٌ Man
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_03.mp3
اِمْرَأَةٌ Woman
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_04.mp3
سَمَكٌ Fish
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_05.mp3
مَاءٌ Water
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_06.mp3
مُلْكٌ Kingdom
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_07.mp3
 

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عَذَابٌ Punishment
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_08.mp3
سَماءٌ Sky
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_09.mp3
أَرْضٌ Earth
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_10.mp3
صُوْرَةٌ Form
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_11.mp3
جَبَلٌ Mountain
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_12.mp3
 
 

Definite nouns – الأَسْماءُ المَعْرِفَة

Definite nouns are proper names given to a certain person, place, or object.

 

Example:

 

نُوْحٌ Noah
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_13.mp3
حَامِدٌ Hamid
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_14.mp3
أَحْمَدُ Ahmed
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_15.mp3
إِبْراهِيْمُ Ibrahim
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_16.mp3
 

Important characteristics of a noun

The following are some important characteristics of a noun.

 

1. Noun usually has a nunnation (Tanween) on it.

 

Examples:

 

بَيْتٌ A house
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_17.mp3
كُرْسِيٌّ A chair
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_18.mp3
قَلَمٌ A pen
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_19.mp3
كِتَابٌ A book
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_20.mp3
رَسُولٌ A messenger
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_21.mp3
 

2. There are two conditions in which the nunnation (tanween) is dropper:

  • The indefinite noun can be changed to definite by adding the prefix

اَلْ

wich is a definite article, and the nunnation (tanween) is dropped.

 

Examples:

 

اَلْ +بِنْتٌ = اَلْبِنْتُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_22.mp3
The + girl = The girl
اَلْ + نَبَأٌ = النَّبَأُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_23.mp3  
The + news = The news
اَلْ + فَاكِهَةٌ = اَلْفَاكِهَةُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_24.mp3  
The + fruit = The fruit
اَلْ + مَالِكٌ = اَلْمَالِكُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_25.mp3
The + ruler = The ruler
اِلْ + فِضَّةٌ = اَلفِضَّةُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_26.mp3  
The + silver = The silver
اَلْ + يَوْمٌ = اَلْيَوْمُ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_27.mp3
The + day = The day
 

Note: The proper nouns like Khalid (خَالِدٌ) or Hamid (حَامِدُ) are definite by nature. Therefore, اِلْ cannot be added to them.

  • When two nouns come together in the possessive form, the nunnation (tanween) is dropped from the first noun while the corresponding harakat (short vowel marks) will remain.
  • The second noun will have Kasrah:

-ِ

or tanween kasrah:

-ٍ

  • In the possessive case, the possessor comes after the thing possessed.

Examples:

نَارٌ + اَللَّهُ = نَارُ اللَّهِ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_28.mp3
Fire + Allah = Fire of Allah
رَسُولٌ + اَللّهُ = رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_29.mp3
 Messenger + Allah = Messenger of Allah
أَصْحَابٌ + اَلْقُبُورُ = أَصْحَابُ الْقُبُورِ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_30.mp3
People + the grave = People of the grave
كِتَابٌ + كُمْ = كِتَابُكُم
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_31.mp3
Book  + you = Your book (plural)
بَيْتٌ + كَ = بَيْتُكَ
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_32.mp3
House + your = Your house (singular)

 

The Noun cases in Arabic

 

Nominative case – اَلْمَرْفُوع / حَالَةُ الرَّفْعِ

 

The nominative case is when the noun is the subject (doer of the verb) of the sentence, it will bear dammah :

_ُ

or tanween dammah :

-ٌ

The noun with dammah will be in the nominative case.

Examples:

قَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ Noah Said (71:21)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_33.mp3
وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ And the moon was split (54:1)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_34.mp3
وَجَاءَتْ سَيَّارَةٌ And a caravan came (12:19)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_35.mp3
 

Accusative case – حَالَةُ النَّصَبِ/الْمَنْصُوبُ

The accusative case is when the noun is the object of the sentence, it will bear fatha:

-َ

or tanwin fatha:

-ً

Here the noun will be in the accusative case.

Examples:

جَعَلَ اللَّـهُ الْكَعْبَةَ Allah has made the Kaaba (5:97)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_36.mp3
 وَضَرَبَ اللَّـهُ مَثَلًا And Allah sets forth an example (66:11)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_37.mp3
فَبَعَثَ اللَّـهُ غُرَابًا “Then Allah sent a crow” (5:31)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_38.mp3
 

Genitive case – الْمَجْرُورُ / حَالَةُ الْجارِّ

Genitive case: if a preposition precedes the noun, it will bear kasrah:

-ِ

or tanween kasrah:

-ٍ

Here the noun will be in the genitive case.

Examples:

مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ “From the evil of that which He has created” (113:2)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_39.mp3
فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَّاضِيَةٍ  “then he will lead a life of pleasure” (101:7)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_40.mp3
عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ “On the straight path” (36:4)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_41.mp3
 

Exceptions nouns

Some nouns such as:

زَيْنَبُ, مَرْيَمُ, فِرْعَوْنُ, أَحْمَدُ, إِبْرَاهِيممُ

are exceptions to the rule and therefore do not have nunnation (tanween) nor kasrah in the genitive case:

-ِ

The genitive case will be denoted by fatha:

-َ

Examples:

اذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ Go to Fir’awn; he has certainly rebelled” (79:17)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_42.mp3
وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ “And mention in the book (about) Maryam.” (19:16)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_43.mp3
 

Usually, non-Arabic names and names with more than 3 letters do not bear nunnation (tanween).

Also, nouns used as adjectives denoting colors do not bear nunnation (tanween).

Examples:

أَحْضَرُ Green
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_46.mp3
أَسْوَدُ Black
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_47.mp3
أَصْفَرُ Yellow
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_48.mp3
أَحْمَرُ Red
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_49.mp3
أَبْيَضُ White
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_50.mp3
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ الشَّجَرِ الْأَخْضَرِ نَارًا  “He it is who made the fire for you from the green trees” (36:80)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_44.mp3
حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ “You can distinguish the white thread” (2:187)
https://en.al-dirassa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/arabic_language_free_course_02_45.mp3
 

This Arabic lesson is now finished. The next one will be insha’Allah about the dual in Arabic.

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5 Comments to “ The noun in Arabic | الاِسْمُ”

  1. The word in Arabic | Arabic Free course | lesson 1 - Al-dirassa says :Reply
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