
Introduction to the noun of place and time – اِسْمُ الْمَكَانِ و الزَّمَانِ
- The noun of a place expresses the place where the action of the verb is committed.
- The noun of time expresses the time or occasion of that action.
- These nouns are on the pattern of one of the following.
مَفْعِلٌ
- مَجْلِسٌ – gathering
- مَنْزِلٌ – destination
- مَسْجِدٌ – mosque
- مَشْرِقٌ – East
مَفْعَلٌ
- مَذْهَبٌ – religion
- مَقْتَلٌ – battlefield
- مَطْلَعٌ – a time of rising
- مَجْمَعٌ – a place of meeting/junction
مَفْعَلَةٌ
- مَقْبَرَةٌ – tomb
- مَشْئَمَةٌ – left side
4. Mostly, when the harakah of the second radical in the imperfect form bears a dammah – يَفْعُلُ then the noun for time or place will be on the pattern of مَفْعَلٌ.
Example:
مَقْتَلٌ – يَقْتُلُ
He kills/will kill – Battlefield
5. When the harakah of the second radical in the imperfect form bears a kasrah – يَفْعِلُ then the noun for time or place will be on the pattern of مَفْعِلٌ.
Example:
مَجْلِسٌ – يَجْلِسُ
He sits/will sit – a gathering
6. Sometimes though the second radical of the imperfect bears dammah – يَفْعُلُ, the noun of time or place will be on the pattern of مَفْعِلٌ.
Examples:
مَسْجِدٌ = يَسْجُدُ – سَجَدَ
a mosque
مَشْرِقٌ = يَشْرِقُ – شَرَقَ
East
مَطْلِعٌ = يَطْلُعُ – طَلَعَ
Place of rising
مَغْرِبٌ = يَغْرِبُ – غَرَبَ
West
7. The plural of both the patterns for masculine and feminine will be on the pattern of مَفَاعِلُ.
- Singular: مَسْجِدٌ – a mosque
- Dual: مَسْجِدَانِ – two mosques
- Plural: مَسَاجِدُ – mosques
- Singular: مَقْتَلٌ – a battlefield
- Dual: مَقْتَلانِ – two battlefields
- Plural: مقَاتِلُ – battlefields
8. the passive participle – مَفْعُولٌ of the derived verbs is considered as the noun of place and time.
Examples:
مُدْخَلٌ – أَدْخَلَ
Entrance
مُقَامٌ – أَقَامَ
Place
مُصَلَّى – صَلَّى
Place of prayer
مُنْقَلَبٌ – اِنْقَلَبَ
Place of turmoil
مُسْتَوْدَعَ – اِسْتَوْدَعَ
Warehouse, storehouse
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Examples of the noun of place and time used in the Holy Quran
وَلَقَدْ بَوَّأْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مُبَوَّأَ صِدْقٍ
And We settled the Children of Israel in a position of honour (10:93)
وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا
and admit you by a Gate of Honor. (4:31)
لِكُلِّ نَبَإٍ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
For every happening is a finality, and you will surely know. (6:67)
فَمُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمُسْتَوْدَعٌ
then a repository, then a depository (6:98)
يُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ مُدْخَلًا يَرْضَوْنَهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ
He will admit them an admittance that will please them. God is Knowing and Clement. (22:59)
قُلْ إِنِّي لَنْ يُجِيرَنِي مِنَ اللَّهِ أَحَدٌ وَلَنْ أَجِدَ مِنْ دُونِهِ
Say, “No one can protect me from God, and I will not find any refuge except with Him. (72:22)
وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ
On earth, you will have residence and livelihood for a while.” (7:24)
وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ مَنَعَ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ
Who is more unjust than him who forbids the remembrance of God’s name in places of worship (2:114)
You have now completed this Arabic lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about the noun of the instrument in Arabic.
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