The passive participle in Arabic | اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ

Introduction to the passive participle

 

We have seen that الْمَفْعُلُ بِهِ, simple object bears the action of the verb. But the passive participle اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ follows the pattern of مَفْعُولٌ.

  Examples:  

فَعَلَ – مَفْعُولٌ

Done

 

فَتَحَ – مَفْتُوْحٌ

Opened

 

خَلَقَ – مَخْلُوْقٌ

Created

 

جَمَعَ – مَجْمُوْعٌ

Gathered

 

عَلِمَ – مَعْلُوْمٌ

Known

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Passive participle table for masculine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولٌ	مَفْعُولَانِ	مَفْعُولُوْنَ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولا	مَفْعُولَيْنِ	مَفْعُولِيْنَ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولٍ	مَفْعُولَيْنِ	مَفْعُولِيْنَ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

 

Passive participle table for feminine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولَةٌ	مَفْعُولَتَانِ	مَفْعُولاتٌ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولَةً	مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ	مَفْعُولاتٍ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَفْعُولَةٍ	مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ	مَفْعُولاتٍ
Done	(two) done	(all) done

 

Examples of the passive article used in the Holy Quran

 

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّـهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ ۚ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا ۘ بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ

And the Jews say, “The hand of Allah is chained.” Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. (5:64)

 

 وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ 

And [by] the promised Day (85:2)

 

وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ

And [by] the witness and what is witnessed, (85:3)

 

The passive participle of hamzated verbs (on the pattern of أَكَلَ,  سَأَلَ, and قَرَأَ) and assimilated verbs (on the pattern of وَعَدَ and يَسِرَ) will also be on the pattern of مَفْعُوْلٌ.

  Examples:  

أَكَلَ – مَأْكُوْلٌ

Eaten

سَأَلَ – مَسْؤُوْلٌ

Asked

قَرَأَ – مَقْرُوءٌ

Read

وَعَدَ – مَوْعُوْدٌ

Promised

يَسِرَ – مَيْسُوْرٌ

Feasible

 

Hollow verbs – الأَجْوَفُ

 

When the second radical is the weak letter و as in قَالَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَقُوْلٌ.

 

Passive participle table for masculine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلٌ	مَقُوْلانِ	مَقُوْلُوْنَ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلًا	مَقُوْلَيْنِ	مَقُوْلِيْنَ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلٍ	مَقُوْلَيْنِ	مَقُوْلِيْنَ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

 

Passive participle table for feminine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلَةٌ	مَقُوْلَتَانِ	مَقُوْلَاتٌ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلَةً	مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ	مَقُوْلَاتٍ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَقُوْلَةٍ	مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ	مَقُوْلَاتٍ
Said	(two) said	(all) said

 

When the second radical is the weak letter ى, as in بَاعَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَبِيْعٌ.

 

Passive participle table for masculine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعٌ	مَبِيْعَانِ	مَبِيْعُوْنَ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعًا	مَبِيْعَيْنِ	مَبِيْعِيْنَ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعٍ	مَبِيْعَيْنِ	مَبِيْعِيْنَ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

 

Passive participle table for feminine gender:

 

Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعَةٌ	مَبِيْعَتَانِ	مَبِيْعَاتٌ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعَةً	مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ	مَبِيْعَاتٍ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ

 

Singular	Dual	Plural
مَبِيْعَةٍ	مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ	مَبِيْعَاتٍ
sold	(two sold)	(all sold)

 

 

Defective verbs – الناقِصُ

 

When the third radical is the weak letter و or ى, the اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ will be in the following form:

  Examples:

دَعَا – مَدْعُوْوٌّ

Called

 

رَمَى – مَرْمِيٌّ

Thrown

 

لَقِيَ – مَلْقِيٌّ

Met

 

Double lettered verbs – المُضاعَفُ

 

Double letter verbs also have their passive particle of the form مَفْعُوْلٌ.

  Example:  

ظَنَّ – مَظْنُونٌ

Suspected

 

Examples of passive articles used in the Holy Quran

 

يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ

It is the Day when people will be like moths, dispersed, (101:4)

 

وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَىٰ أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا

And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station. (17:79)

 

 فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ

And He made them like eaten straw.(105:5)

 

ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّجْمُوعٌ لَّهُ النَّاسُ وَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّشْهُودٌ 

That is a Day for which the people will be collected, and that is a Day [which will be] witnessed (11:103)

 

You have now completed this Arabic free lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about the verbal noun in Arabic.

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