Introduction to the passive participle
We have seen that الْمَفْعُلُ بِهِ, simple object bears the action of the verb. But the passive participle اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ follows the pattern of مَفْعُولٌ.
Examples:
فَعَلَ – مَفْعُولٌ
Done
فَتَحَ – مَفْتُوْحٌ
Opened
خَلَقَ – مَخْلُوْقٌ
Created
جَمَعَ – مَجْمُوْعٌ
Gathered
عَلِمَ – مَعْلُوْمٌ
Known
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Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَفْعُولٌ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَانِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولُوْنَ
(all) done
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَفْعُولا
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولِيْنَ
(all) done
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَفْعُولٍ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولِيْنَ
(all) done
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَفْعُولَةٌ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَانِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٌ
(all) done
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَفْعُولَةً
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٍ
(all) done
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَفْعُولَةٍ
Done
Dual
مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ
(two) done
Plural
مَفْعُولاتٍ
(all) done
Examples of the passive article used in the Holy Quran
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّـهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ ۚ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا ۘ بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ
And the Jews say, “The hand of Allah is chained.” Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. (5:64)
وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ
And [by] the promised Day (85:2)
وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ
And [by] the witness and what is witnessed, (85:3)
The passive participle of hamzated verbs (on the pattern of أَكَلَ, سَأَلَ, and قَرَأَ) and assimilated verbs (on the pattern of وَعَدَ and يَسِرَ) will also be on the pattern of مَفْعُوْلٌ.
Examples:
أَكَلَ – مَأْكُوْلٌ
Eaten
سَأَلَ – مَسْؤُوْلٌ
Asked
قَرَأَ – مَقْرُوءٌ
Read
وَعَدَ – مَوْعُوْدٌ
Promised
يَسِرَ – مَيْسُوْرٌ
Feasible
Hollow verbs – الأَجْوَفُ
When the second radical is the weak letter و as in قَالَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَقُوْلٌ.
Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَقُوْلٌ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلانِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلُوْنَ
(all) said
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَقُوْلًا
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(all) said
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَقُوْلٍ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَيْنِ
(all) said
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَقُوْلَةٌ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَانِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٌ
(all) said
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَقُوْلَةً
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٍ
(all) said
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَقُوْلَةٍ
Said
Dual
مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ
(two) said
Plural
مَقُوْلَاتٍ
(all) said
When the second radical is the weak letter ى, as in بَاعَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَبِيْعٌ.
Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَبِيْعٌ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَانِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعُوْنَ
(all) sold
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَبِيْعًا
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعِيْنَ
(all) sold
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَبِيْعٍ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعِيْنَ
(all) sold
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular
مَبِيْعَةٌ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَانِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٌ
(all) sold
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular
مَبِيْعَةً
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٍ
(all) sold
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular
مَبِيْعَةٍ
Sold
Dual
مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ
(two) sold
Plural
مَبِيْعَاتٍ
(all) sold
Defective verbs – الناقِصُ
When the third radical is the weak letter و or ى, the اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ will be in the following form:
Examples:
دَعَا – مَدْعُوْوٌّ
Called
رَمَى – مَرْمِيٌّ
Thrown
لَقِيَ – مَلْقِيٌّ
Met
Double lettered verbs – المُضاعَفُ
Double letter verbs also have their passive particle of the form مَفْعُوْلٌ.
Example:
ظَنَّ – مَظْنُونٌ
Suspected
Examples of passive articles used in the Holy Quran
يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ
It is the Day when people will be like moths, dispersed, (101:4)
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَىٰ أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا
And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station. (17:79)
فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ
And He made them like eaten straw.(105:5)
ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّجْمُوعٌ لَّهُ النَّاسُ وَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّشْهُودٌ
That is a Day for which the people will be collected, and that is a Day [which will be] witnessed (11:103)
You have now completed this Arabic free lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about the verbal noun in Arabic.
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1 Comment
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