Introduction to the passive participle
We have seen that الْمَفْعُلُ بِهِ, simple object bears the action of the verb. But the passive participle اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ follows the pattern of مَفْعُولٌ.
Examples:
فَعَلَ – مَفْعُولٌ
Done
فَتَحَ – مَفْتُوْحٌ
Opened
خَلَقَ – مَخْلُوْقٌ
Created
جَمَعَ – مَجْمُوْعٌ
Gathered
عَلِمَ – مَعْلُوْمٌ
Known
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Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولٌ | مَفْعُولَانِ | مَفْعُولُوْنَ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولا | مَفْعُولَيْنِ | مَفْعُولِيْنَ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولٍ | مَفْعُولَيْنِ | مَفْعُولِيْنَ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولَةٌ | مَفْعُولَتَانِ | مَفْعُولاتٌ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولَةً | مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ | مَفْعُولاتٍ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَفْعُولَةٍ | مَفْعُولَتَيْنِ | مَفْعُولاتٍ |
Done | (two) done | (all) done |
Examples of the passive article used in the Holy Quran
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ يَدُ اللَّـهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ ۚ غُلَّتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَلُعِنُوا بِمَا قَالُوا ۘ بَلْ يَدَاهُ مَبْسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ
And the Jews say, “The hand of Allah is chained.” Chained are their hands, and cursed are they for what they say. Rather, both His hands are extended; He spends however He wills. (5:64)
وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ
And [by] the promised Day (85:2)
وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ
And [by] the witness and what is witnessed, (85:3)
The passive participle of hamzated verbs (on the pattern of أَكَلَ, سَأَلَ, and قَرَأَ) and assimilated verbs (on the pattern of وَعَدَ and يَسِرَ) will also be on the pattern of مَفْعُوْلٌ.
Examples:
أَكَلَ – مَأْكُوْلٌ
Eaten
سَأَلَ – مَسْؤُوْلٌ
Asked
قَرَأَ – مَقْرُوءٌ
Read
وَعَدَ – مَوْعُوْدٌ
Promised
يَسِرَ – مَيْسُوْرٌ
Feasible
Hollow verbs – الأَجْوَفُ
When the second radical is the weak letter و as in قَالَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَقُوْلٌ.
Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلٌ | مَقُوْلانِ | مَقُوْلُوْنَ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلًا | مَقُوْلَيْنِ | مَقُوْلِيْنَ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلٍ | مَقُوْلَيْنِ | مَقُوْلِيْنَ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلَةٌ | مَقُوْلَتَانِ | مَقُوْلَاتٌ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلَةً | مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ | مَقُوْلَاتٍ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَقُوْلَةٍ | مَقُوْلَتَيْنِ | مَقُوْلَاتٍ |
Said | (two) said | (all) said |
When the second radical is the weak letter ى, as in بَاعَ then its passive participle will be in the form مَبِيْعٌ.
Passive participle table for masculine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعٌ | مَبِيْعَانِ | مَبِيْعُوْنَ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعًا | مَبِيْعَيْنِ | مَبِيْعِيْنَ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعٍ | مَبِيْعَيْنِ | مَبِيْعِيْنَ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Passive participle table for feminine gender:
Nominative case – حَالَةُ الرَّفَعِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعَةٌ | مَبِيْعَتَانِ | مَبِيْعَاتٌ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Accusative – حَالَةُ النَصَبِ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعَةً | مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ | مَبِيْعَاتٍ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Genitive – حَالَةُ الجَرِّ
Singular | Dual | Plural |
مَبِيْعَةٍ | مَبِيْعَتَيْنِ | مَبِيْعَاتٍ |
sold | (two sold) | (all sold) |
Defective verbs – الناقِصُ
When the third radical is the weak letter و or ى, the اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ will be in the following form:
Examples:
دَعَا – مَدْعُوْوٌّ
Called
رَمَى – مَرْمِيٌّ
Thrown
لَقِيَ – مَلْقِيٌّ
Met
Double lettered verbs – المُضاعَفُ
Double letter verbs also have their passive particle of the form مَفْعُوْلٌ.
Example:
ظَنَّ – مَظْنُونٌ
Suspected
Examples of passive articles used in the Holy Quran
يَوْمَ يَكُونُ النَّاسُ كَالْفَرَاشِ الْمَبْثُوثِ
It is the Day when people will be like moths, dispersed, (101:4)
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَىٰ أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا
And from [part of] the night, pray with it as additional [worship] for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station. (17:79)
فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ
And He made them like eaten straw.(105:5)
ذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّجْمُوعٌ لَّهُ النَّاسُ وَذَٰلِكَ يَوْمٌ مَّشْهُودٌ
That is a Day for which the people will be collected, and that is a Day [which will be] witnessed (11:103)
You have now completed this Arabic free lesson. The next one will be insha’Allah about the verbal noun in Arabic.
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